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The centers of the spider and wheel must be concentric; with no center point of the wheel to check, the assembly can be verified only when complete. I'm holding off on machining the spider as I have several alternate ways to consider.
I clarified something mentally that had been bugging me. The great wheel has has 120 teeth and its pinion has 10, so one turn of the wheel and fusee turns the pinion 12 times, and with it the center arbor. The minute hand is attached to the end of the arbor. It just dawned on me that the fusee has two grooves per day, so the wheel turns two times per day, not 1.